Coco Yam Commodity Profile

Abstract

This commodity profile examines coco yam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), locally known as “coco” or “macal,” as a traditional and potentially lucrative root crop in Belize, with emphasis on the Cayo District. It outlines the crop’s historical background, agronomic requirements, and production systems, comparing low-input milpa farming with more intensive mechanized systems. The document details optimal soil conditions, propagation methods, planting practices, fertilization, irrigation, and pest and disease concerns, highlighting the need for improved seed quality, research on inputs, and better plant protection. Economic analysis shows that coco yam can provide attractive returns for small farmers, but expansion is constrained by limited access to credit, weak infrastructure, inadequate storage, unreliable transport, and fragmented marketing. The profile also reviews domestic and export markets, price variability, competing substitutes, and potential value-added products such as flour, beverages, and processed foods. Socially, coco yam contributes to rural employment, food security, and dietary diversity. The study concludes that with strengthened farmer organization, targeted research and extension support, improved infrastructure, and clear quality standards, coco yam production could significantly increase farm incomes and support Belize’s agricultural diversification and export goals.